Anatomical differences between stem and branch wood of Ficus carica L. subsp. carica
Abstract
The quantitative anatomical differences between the stem and branch wood of Ficus carica L. subsp. carica (Moraceae) were investigated. In spite of the similarity in the qualitative traits, according to statistical analysis, tangential vessel diameter, radial vessel diameter, vessel frequency, vessel wall thickness, multiseriate ray width, fibre length, fibre diameter, and fibre wall thickness showed statistically significant differences in the stem and branch wood of taxon examined. Fibre length and vessel element length in branch wood is about 16% and 3% shorter respectively. In addition, vessel frequency in the branch wood is about 52% higher. Whilst the number of rays per mm is not different in branch wood and stem wood, ray width is about 18% narrower in branch wood.
References
Bhat K.M., Bhat K.V., Dhamodaran T.K. 1985. Wood and bark properties of branches of selected tree species growing in Kerala. KFRI Research Report 29. Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi, Thrissur.
Bhat K.M., Bhat K.V., Dhamodaran T.K. 1989. Fibre lenght variation in stem and branches of eleven tropical hardwoods. IAWA Bull. n.s. 10 (1): 63–70.
Browicz K. 1982. Ficus L. In: Davis P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7: 642–644. Edinburgh University Press.
Carlquist S. 2001. Comparative wood anatomy: systematic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of dicotyledon wood. Springer Verlag, Berlin – Heidelberg.
Fahn A., Werker E., Baas P. 1986. Wood anatomy and identification of trees and shrubs from Israel and adjacent regions. Israel Academy of Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.
Greguss P. 1959. Holzanatomie der europäischen Laubhölzer und Sträucher. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary.
Han J.S., Mianowski T., Lin Y. 1999. Validity of plant fiber length measurement – a review of fiber length measurement based on kenaf as a model. Kenaf properties, processing and products: 149–167. Mississippi State University, Ag & Bio Engineering, Mississippi State, MS.
Haygreen J.G., Bowyer J.L. 1996. Wood science and forest products – an introduction (3rd ed.). Iowa State University Press, Ames.
IAWA Committee 1989. IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWA Bull. n.s. 10 (3): 219–332.
InsideWood 2013. InsideWood Database. http://insidewood.lib.ncsu.edu/search.
Jacquiot C., Trenard Y., Dirol D. 1973. Atlas d’anatomie des bois des Angiospermes (Essences feuillues). Centre technique du bois, Paris.
Koek-Noorman J., Topper S.M.C., ter Welle B.J.H. 1984. The systematic wood anatomy of the Moraceae (Urticales) III. Tribe Ficeae. IAWA Bull. n.s. 5 (4): 330–334.
Lim S. C. 1996. Density and some anatomical features of the stem and branch woods of rubber trees. J. Trop. For. Prod. 2 (1): 52–58.
Merev N. 1998. Wood anatomy of native Angiospermae taxa in Eastern Black Sea Region. I-A. Karadeniz Technical University-Forestry Faculty Press, Trabzon.
Panshin A. J., de Zeeuw C. 1970. Textbook of wood technology. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Phelps J.E., Isebrands J.G., Jowett D. 1982. Raw material quality of short-term, intensively cultured Populus clones. I. A comparison of stem and branch properties at three spacings. IAWA Bull. n.s. 3 (3-4): 193–200.
Rao K. K., Ramayya N. 1984. Structure and distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the stem wood of Ficus L., in relation to taxonomy. Indian J. For. 7 (1): 25–30.
Ryu H. Y., Soh W.Y. 1988. Anatomical comparison of the secondary xylem in the branch, stem and root of Salix glandulosa and Quercus variabilis. J. Korean For. Soc. 77: 283–293.
Schoch W., Heller I., Schweingruber F.H., Kienast F. 2004. Wood anatomy of Central European species. http://www.woodanatomy.ch/
Stokke D.D., Manwiller F.G. 1994. Proportions of wood elements in stem, branch, and root wood of black oak (Quercus velutina). IAWA J. 15 (3): 301–310.
Tsoumis G. 1968. Wood as raw material. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Yaman B. 2009. Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz kıyı ekosistemlerinde deniz suyu etkisine maruz kalan bazı odunsu bitkilerin ekolojik odun anatomisi, TÜBİTAK Projesi, TOVAG-1070886. (in Turkish).
Yaman B., Tümen I. 2012. Anatomical notes on Marsdenia erecta (Apocynaceae) Wood: Is it secondarily woody? Dendrobiol. 67: 87–93.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed by Creative Commons under BY-NC-ND license. You are welcome and free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) all the published materials. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. You must give appropriate credit to all published materials.
The journal allow the author(s) to hold the copyrights and to retain publishing rights without any restrictions. This is also indicated at the bottom of each article.
